Life after prison? What we know about prisoner fates in Xinjiang, in 2026

Family reunion with a released prisoner.

With the vast majority sentenced to at least 5 years, the average prison term approaching 10 years, no mass pardons or releases, and no real international pressure regarding the issue, it would be a long wait before we’d see those sentenced in 2017-2018 start to finish their terms.

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Elderly woman dies in Urumqi prison, following over two decades of persecution for Falun Gong

Guards at the entrance of the Xinjiang Women's Prison in Urumqi (circa 2019), where Luo Chuanmei is reported to have lost her life.

While Luo Chuanmei’s story reads like an incredible tragedy, defined by periods of detention and mistreatment that form an almost continuous 25-year arc and end with her demise in that same system, it is a story that – for Falun Gong in Xinjiang, at least – is far from unique.

Visual signs of violence, or lack thereof, in the Xinjiang Police Files photos

Police photo of detainee Sidiq Tash, dated February 21, 2018, after around half a year in detention. Multiple bruise marks suggest the presence of violence.

The regular use of violence in detention, both in punishment and interrogation, has been reported in the vast majority of eyewitness accounts from Xinjiang. In an attempt to corroborate this forensically, the Xinjiang Victims Database analyzed the thousands of photos from the Xinjiang Police Files for evidence of skin discoloration, so as to identify potential bruises and to see if they featured more prominently in detainees.

An estimate on the number of children separated from parents in southern Xinjiang

Children outside the primary school on Ostengboyi Road in Kashgar's old city (October 2017).

In the vast majority of cases, the father was detained first and the mother was detained later. The most common scenario by far was the father being given a long prison term in 2017 and the mother being sent to camp the following year.

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Kazakhstan is a “dangerous country”. Why Nur-Sultan cannot protect those who fled from Xinjiang

Kazakhs originally from China holding a picket at the country’s consulate in Almaty and demanding the release of their relatives, who are in custody in Xinjiang or being prevented from leaving for Kazakhstan.

Despite seeking asylum in Kazakhstan, refugees from Xinjiang also consider the country dangerous. Ethnic Kazakhs and Uyghurs do not stay in Kazakhstan for long and look for ways to leave.

Prominent businessman, survivor of Xinjiang’s mass incarcerations, given 8 years in Kazakhstan

Esbol Muqamadan (second from right), at an event with the former head of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev.

Esbol Muqamadan, a successful Kazakh entrepreneur and previously a victim of the mass incarcerations in Xinjiang, is now serving an eight-year prison sentence in his historical homeland – a verdict that he claims is partially due to political interference by the Chinese authorities.

Two years of being illegally locked up in Xinjiang “education-and-training centers”

An artistic rendition of camp authorities and police burning objects used by previous detainees, as described by the author.

The erasing of traces began. A large pit was dug with an excavator, then many plastic bags were brought in, bulging with stuff, and thrown into the pit, to burn for a long while. Public security vehicles were on the scene to supervise the process.